Introduction
Main rule: We use "s" to make the plural of the words.
E.g.:
It's a pencil | They're pencils | |
 | ========> |  |
| It's an eraser | They're erasers | |
 | ========> |  |
We use a/an just for singular words: a pen, an eraser etc.
We don't use a/an for plural words!
Particular cases
1) We use "es" to make plural in words finished in: S, SH, CH, X and O.
E.g.:
The watch ===> the watches
The brush ===> the brushes
The box ===> the boxes
The bus ===> the buses
The fox ===> the foxes
The potato ===> the potatoes
The church ===> the churches
Exceptions for this rule
radio ==> radios
piano ==> pianos
studio ==> studios
zoo ==> zoos
fish ==> fish
Obs: We use "the" to mention specific things. Either to singular or plural nouns.
2) For words finished in "consonant+y" we change "y" to "ies".
E.g.:
baby ===> babies
strawberry ===> strawberries
dictionary ===> dictionaries
E.g:
day ==> days
monkey ==> monkeys
boy ==> boys
3) We use "ves" to make the plural of the words finished in F or FE.
E.g.:
knife ===> knives
leaf ===> leaves
scarf ===> scarves
half ===> halves
Obs: Adjectives in English don't change to plural!
E.g.:
a green leaf ==> green leaves
a brilliant day ==> brilliant days
4) Irregular plural: there is no unique rule for them. :(
E.g.:
man ===> men
child ===> children
foot ===> feet
ox ===> oxen
goose ===> geese
woman ===> women
person ===> people
mouse ===> mice
tooth ===> teeth
die ===> dice
sheep ===> sheep
deer ===> deer
duck ===> duck(s)
These vs Those
We use THESE to indicate things (plural) that are next to us.
E.g.:
These paper clips are colorfuls.
We use THOSE to indicate things (plural) that are distant from us.
E.g.:
Those lighters are cheap.
That's it for today! :)
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